The Mariners Mirrour, 1588

The Mariners Mirrour was the English translation by Anthony Ashley of the Dutch Spieghel der Zeevaerdt by Lucas Janszoon Wagenaer. Published in 1588, it provided, within a single book, a treatise on navigation, sailing directions, and the latest charts for most of Europe. It was so important, and its Dutch creator so well recognized that these types of navigational publications became known in England as "Waggoners."

The title page shows the instruments of a navigator of 1588:

quadrant
astrolabe
cross staff
celestial globe
terrestial globe
lead line
dividers
compass